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Hallux valgus
Hallux rigidus
Hammertoes-Clawtoes
Deformities
Osteoarthritis
Heel pain
Achilles tendon problems
Morton's neuroma
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Osteoarthritis
Definition
The articular cartilage of the joint surface sustains microcracks which with time increase in size and depth until they reach the underlying bone. The cartilage deteriorates and finally may be completely disappear. Bony prominences (osteophytes) develop which significantly impair range of motion.
Causes
Osteoarthritis often is secondary to trauma. Less common reasons are infection, inflammatory/rheumatoid or metabolic diseases. However, degeneration may be also primary, i.e. with no obvious reason despite age.
Symptoms
Pain, typically during the initial phase of activity. Increasing discomfort on uneven ground. Impairment of range of motion and difficulties in walking uphill. More severe pain with soft shoes compared to strong hiking boots.
Therapy
Prior to more invasive modalities the walking capacity can be improved by using appropriate footwear: stable shoes with a stiff sole that might be modified. An high shaft will increase stability.
Osteoarthritis of the ankle
The procedure of choice depends on the stage and type of degenerative arthritis. In less severely affected joints open or arthroscopic debridement might be beneficial. In cases of more significant degeneration arthrodesis or joint replacement may be indicated.
Osteoarthritis of subtalar joints
In cases of advanced degeneration associated with marked pain joint fusion is preferable.
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Osteoarthritis
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